On April 23–25, 1908, a destructive tornado outbreak affected portions of the Midwestern and Southern United States, including the Great Plains. The outbreak produced at least tornadoes in 13 states, with a total of at least 324 tornado-related deaths. Of these deaths, most were caused by three long-tracked, violent tornadoes—each rated F4 on the Fujita scale and considered to be a tornado family—that occurred on April 24. Most of the deaths were in rural areas, often consisted of African Americans, and consequently may have been undercounted. One of the tornadoes killed 143 people along its path, 73 of them in the U.S. state of Mississippi, making the tornado the third deadliest in Mississippi history, following the 1936 Tupelo F5, with 216 deaths, and the 1840 Natchez tornado, with 317 deaths.[1][2][3][nb 2][nb 3][nb 4]
1908 Dixie tornado outbreak
|
|
|
| Type |
Tornado outbreak |
| Duration |
April 23–25, 1908 |
|
|
|
Tornadoes
confirmed |
≥ 31 confirmed |
| Max. rating1 |
F5 tornado |
Duration of
tornado outbreak2 |
≥ 3 days |
|
|
|
| Largest hail |
3⁄4 in (1.9 cm) |
|
|
|
| Fatalities |
≥ 324 fatalities, ≥ 1,720 injuries |
| Damage |
[nb 1] |
| Areas affected |
Midwestern and Southern United States |
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale
2Time from first tornado to last tornado |
Confirmed tornadoes by Fujita rating
| FU |
F0 |
F1 |
F2 |
F3 |
F4 |
F5 |
Total |
| ? |
? |
? |
22 |
3 |
5 |
1 |
≥ 31 |
Confirmed tornadoes – Friday, April 23, 1908[nb 5][nb 6]
| F# |
Location |
County / Parish |
State |
Time (UTC) |
Path length |
Max. width |
Summary |
| F2 |
W of Valley Springs, SD to E of Benclare, SD to MN |
Minnehaha (SD), Rock (MN) |
SD, MN |
18:30–? |
5 miles (8.0 km) |
Unknown |
Possible tornado family struck three farmsteads, destroying stables, tearing roofs off homes, and killing a racehorse.[14] |
| F2 |
Oak Grove, TX to OK |
Red River (TX), Bowie (TX), McCurtain (OK) |
TX, OK |
22:15–? |
15 miles (24 km) |
250 yards (230 m) |
Tornado destroyed 10 homes, a school, and a store. Only scattered concrete blocks remained at the school. Tornado crossed into Oklahoma before dissipating. Seven people were injured.[14] |
| F2 |
W of Foreman to S of DeQueen |
Little River, Sevier |
AR |
22:30–? |
11 miles (18 km) |
Unknown |
3 deaths — Tornado destroyed a home, killing a family of three. Leaves and twigs rained from the sky in DeQueen.[15] |
| F2 |
W of Inwood |
Lyon |
IA |
22:30–? |
10 miles (16 km) |
100 yards (91 m) |
Tornado killed more than 100 head of livestock, including 81 hogs and several sheep. Tornado damaged or destroyed several barns and a school as well. One person was injured.[15] |
| F2 |
Clifton to Cayote |
Bosque |
TX |
23:30–? |
10 miles (16 km) |
Unknown |
Tornado damaged or destroyed two homes and several other structures. Tornado tossed water 500 ft (150 m) high as it crossed the Bosque River. Trees along the river were thrown 1⁄2 mi (0.80 km) away. 10 people were injured.[15] |
| F5 |
SW of Pender to S of Thurston |
Cuming, Thurston |
NE |
00:00–? |
15 miles (24 km) |
400 yards (370 m) |
3 deaths — Tornado devastated several farms, one of which it obliterated, including a well-constructed multi-story farmhouse. Shingles and a picture from one of the farms rained from the sky in the town of Goodwin, 35 mi (56 km) away. 10 people were injured.[15] |
| F4 |
Deport to W of Fulbright |
Red River, Lamar |
TX |
00:00–? |
10 miles (16 km) |
300 yards (270 m) |
1 death — Tornado destroyed the business district, 25 homes, a pair of churches, and a cottonseed oil mill in Deport. Debris from homes was found 2 mi (3.2 km) away. Six people were injured and losses totaled $125,000.[15][16] |
| F3 |
S of Rice |
Navarro |
TX |
00:30–? |
7 miles (11 km) |
150 yards (140 m) |
3+ deaths — 1⁄2-mile-wide (0.80 km) tornado struck a farm, destroying the manager’s house, 14 tenant houses, and all barns on the property. Several other farmhouses were damaged or destroyed along the path. Six people were injured. Tornado may have continued into Wood County and caused four additional fatalities.[15] |
| F2 |
SE of Daingerfield |
Morris |
TX |
03:00–? |
10 miles (16 km) |
100 yards (91 m) |
Tornado destroyed or damaged 17 homes, including four farmhouses. Five people were injured.[15] |
| F2 |
Hector |
Pope |
AR |
Unknown |
Unknown |
Unknown |
3 deaths — Tornado damaged or destroyed the entire town, injuring 20 people.[15] |
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